Urbain J. Ledoux, as a young man, before he was known as "Mr. Zero"(Image via Bibnum2.banq.qc.ca)
I ran across this item on EVGrieve the other day, a photo, from Christmas Day, 1933. The photo was taken in New York City at an establishment known as "The Tub", which was run by a man known to all as Mr. Zero. It showed several homeless men taking their Christmas meal, which was supplied by Mr. Zero. I was immediately interested. Who was this Mr. Zero? I'd never heard or read of the man. So I set about doing a little research and what I found is just simply amazing.
This man was a true hero to the homeless and jobless of not only New York City but of the entire nation. I find it equally amazing that his story is not told more often. It is a story of selfless dedication on the part of one individual to try to make a real change for the better in the lives of those more unfortunate. His name and story should be taught in our public schools as a source of inspiration to our children to try to become better, less self-centered, more caring people. I was struck very deeply by the story of this man and I hope that as you read, you are moved as well.
EVGrieve and Mykola of TimesQueer - you set this in motion - Thank You.
This discovery is much more than just another blog post...it is a lesson in true humanity.
A few additional notes: The "Times" had a bad habit of mis-spelling Mr. Ledoux's first name, usually leaving out the "i", so his name appeared frequently as "Urban Ledoux". In these instances below, I have put the correct spelling in brackets like this: [Urbain].
This man was a true hero to the homeless and jobless of not only New York City but of the entire nation. I find it equally amazing that his story is not told more often. It is a story of selfless dedication on the part of one individual to try to make a real change for the better in the lives of those more unfortunate. His name and story should be taught in our public schools as a source of inspiration to our children to try to become better, less self-centered, more caring people. I was struck very deeply by the story of this man and I hope that as you read, you are moved as well.
EVGrieve and Mykola of TimesQueer - you set this in motion - Thank You.
This discovery is much more than just another blog post...it is a lesson in true humanity.
A few additional notes: The "Times" had a bad habit of mis-spelling Mr. Ledoux's first name, usually leaving out the "i", so his name appeared frequently as "Urban Ledoux". In these instances below, I have put the correct spelling in brackets like this: [Urbain].
And my appologies for the "staggered" sentence layout of this post.
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
-Former U.S. Consul Gave Up Successful Business Career to Befriend the Poor
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
-Former U.S. Consul Gave Up Successful Business Career to Befriend the Poor
Some deep religious instinct sent Urbain J. Ledoux among the poor and disinherited along the
street of forgotten men. He used to say he was inspired by the Sermon on the Mount, but
sometimes he would explain his lifework in vague and deeply mystic terms.
He was the son of Joseph and Octavia Ledoux. They were poor. When they were newly married
they worked in the cotton mills in Baltic, Conn., but they made little headway there. They went
back to St. Helene Bogot, P.Q., and there, Urbain, their first child was born August 13, 1874.
Urbain was still a baby when they returned to the United States, this time in Biddeford, ME.
Later he studied at the College of St. Marie Monoir in Quebec; still later at the College of the
Marist Fathers in Van Buren, ME.
At 21 he was appointed to the United Staes consulate at Three Rivers P.Q. He married Carmeline Painchaud of Biddeford. They had three children, Norman, Yvette, and Lucile.
After seven years at Three Rivers, Ledoux was appointed commercail consul at Bordeaux, but was sent instead to a similar post at Prague. He was noted there for having introduced the first file index system Prague had ever seen.
Eventually he was ordered to Santos, Brazil. He abruptly decided to leave government service. He became an executive for a firm producing denatured alcohol. He was the first, his family says, to import canned heat from Europe.
About this time he began to preach the universal brotherhood of man. He worked for world peace; went to the Hague as a United States delegate and was associated with the Ginn World Peace Foundation. He dreamed of establishing a great international city.
In 1917, Ledoux's vision had taken shape. He worked for the Government War Camp Community Service, helping to feed and shelter transient soldiers. Through all this he remained Urbain Ledoux.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero - Leader of the Jobless (1900's)
street of forgotten men. He used to say he was inspired by the Sermon on the Mount, but
sometimes he would explain his lifework in vague and deeply mystic terms.
He was the son of Joseph and Octavia Ledoux. They were poor. When they were newly married
they worked in the cotton mills in Baltic, Conn., but they made little headway there. They went
back to St. Helene Bogot, P.Q., and there, Urbain, their first child was born August 13, 1874.
Urbain was still a baby when they returned to the United States, this time in Biddeford, ME.
Later he studied at the College of St. Marie Monoir in Quebec; still later at the College of the
Marist Fathers in Van Buren, ME.
At 21 he was appointed to the United Staes consulate at Three Rivers P.Q. He married Carmeline Painchaud of Biddeford. They had three children, Norman, Yvette, and Lucile.
After seven years at Three Rivers, Ledoux was appointed commercail consul at Bordeaux, but was sent instead to a similar post at Prague. He was noted there for having introduced the first file index system Prague had ever seen.
Eventually he was ordered to Santos, Brazil. He abruptly decided to leave government service. He became an executive for a firm producing denatured alcohol. He was the first, his family says, to import canned heat from Europe.
About this time he began to preach the universal brotherhood of man. He worked for world peace; went to the Hague as a United States delegate and was associated with the Ginn World Peace Foundation. He dreamed of establishing a great international city.
In 1917, Ledoux's vision had taken shape. He worked for the Government War Camp Community Service, helping to feed and shelter transient soldiers. Through all this he remained Urbain Ledoux.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero - Leader of the Jobless (1900's)
After the war, he took up the cause of jobless soldiers. He opened the old Fleischman Bakery in
Broadway near Grace Church and fed and sheltered them. He worked at odd jobs himself to raise funds [and] got some donations [as well.]
Broadway near Grace Church and fed and sheltered them. He worked at odd jobs himself to raise funds [and] got some donations [as well.]
Click HERE to read about Ledoux's 11/20/20 speech at St. Mark's Church in NYC, NY.
In January 1921, he led a ragged delegation into Trinity Church in silent appeal for aid. In September of that year he moved to Boston. Reporters, impressed by his earnest desire to help, said, "You must learn to dramatize your cause."
Ledoux hit on the idea of selling the jobless soldiers at auction. He would set a veteran up on the
block. "Here is an ex-soldier," he would say. "He was with the sixth Marines in France. He was
wounded. He is a carpenter. Who will bid?"
In January 1921, he led a ragged delegation into Trinity Church in silent appeal for aid. In September of that year he moved to Boston. Reporters, impressed by his earnest desire to help, said, "You must learn to dramatize your cause."
Ledoux hit on the idea of selling the jobless soldiers at auction. He would set a veteran up on the
block. "Here is an ex-soldier," he would say. "He was with the sixth Marines in France. He was
wounded. He is a carpenter. Who will bid?"
*Includes a terrific photo!
The auction won country-wide attention. Later Ledoux tried to auction soldiers in Bryant Park in Manhattan, but the police stood him off.
*On the day and into the evening of September 19, 1921, Mr. Zero turned it up a notch...
"Ledoux Defies Police"
New York Times - 09/19/21
The auction won country-wide attention. Later Ledoux tried to auction soldiers in Bryant Park in Manhattan, but the police stood him off.
*On the day and into the evening of September 19, 1921, Mr. Zero turned it up a notch...
"Ledoux Defies Police"
New York Times - 09/19/21
-Mr. Zero Says Auction of Jobless Will Be Held Tonight-
Urbain Ledoux, "Mr. Zero" as he calls himself in New York, intends to hold his auction of jobless
men on the steps of the Public Library at 11 o'clock tonight despite the police. Also, he said, he
will go to Bryant Park at noon today and distribute biscuits and doughnuts to the men out of work who make the park their headquarters.
"I said I would do that, and what I say I will do I do," said Ledoux. "I will start from Cooper Union at 11 o'clock with a truckload of doughnuts and biscuits. I will go to Bryant Park but as the Park Department has seen fit to bar me from the park I will stay in the street. So far as I know there is no law which can prevent me from giving away food in the streets of New York to hungry men."
His only bodyguard will be Kenneth Chase, an ex-serviceman who served with the Chemical Warfare Service in the War and is now out of work. If anyone tries to hustle Ledoux about, or if the police try to interfere, Chase will sing "THe World Is Dying For A Little Bit of Love" as an antidote.
The real contest between Ledoux and the opponents of his plan to sell jobless men will come at
night when he attempts to conduct his auction in front of the library. The police say they will stop this and American Legion and labor officials have disapproved of this method of attracting attention to the needs of the unemployed. One labor leader, who said labor men would be present to protest, has voiced a desire to punch Ledoux if he persists in his plan.
Ledoux said last night that the objections which have met his efforts in this city as "a servant of
ideals" have not daunted him in the least. So far as he is concerned the auction will take place
unless he is taken bodily from the Library steps. He said he would have ten ex-servuicemen "all
fattened up" to be auctioned off, and that he will give their pedigrees and family history and qualities to the people who are asked to bid. The men will be taken to a theatre before their ordeal on the block. "This is no stunt I am pulling nor is it a joke," said Ledoux. "It is a drama of life. It is too sad to be taken as a joke."
Ledoux spent last night visiting the waterfront, where 16,000 sailors are out of work, talking with them and "feeling the pulse of the jobless." He also visited some of the parks and talked with the men he found there.
Excerpts from:
"Police Clubs Break Mobs of Idle; Bar Food and Meetings"
New York Times - 09/20/21
Urbain Ledoux, "Mr. Zero" as he calls himself in New York, intends to hold his auction of jobless
men on the steps of the Public Library at 11 o'clock tonight despite the police. Also, he said, he
will go to Bryant Park at noon today and distribute biscuits and doughnuts to the men out of work who make the park their headquarters.
"I said I would do that, and what I say I will do I do," said Ledoux. "I will start from Cooper Union at 11 o'clock with a truckload of doughnuts and biscuits. I will go to Bryant Park but as the Park Department has seen fit to bar me from the park I will stay in the street. So far as I know there is no law which can prevent me from giving away food in the streets of New York to hungry men."
His only bodyguard will be Kenneth Chase, an ex-serviceman who served with the Chemical Warfare Service in the War and is now out of work. If anyone tries to hustle Ledoux about, or if the police try to interfere, Chase will sing "THe World Is Dying For A Little Bit of Love" as an antidote.
The real contest between Ledoux and the opponents of his plan to sell jobless men will come at
night when he attempts to conduct his auction in front of the library. The police say they will stop this and American Legion and labor officials have disapproved of this method of attracting attention to the needs of the unemployed. One labor leader, who said labor men would be present to protest, has voiced a desire to punch Ledoux if he persists in his plan.
Ledoux said last night that the objections which have met his efforts in this city as "a servant of
ideals" have not daunted him in the least. So far as he is concerned the auction will take place
unless he is taken bodily from the Library steps. He said he would have ten ex-servuicemen "all
fattened up" to be auctioned off, and that he will give their pedigrees and family history and qualities to the people who are asked to bid. The men will be taken to a theatre before their ordeal on the block. "This is no stunt I am pulling nor is it a joke," said Ledoux. "It is a drama of life. It is too sad to be taken as a joke."
Ledoux spent last night visiting the waterfront, where 16,000 sailors are out of work, talking with them and "feeling the pulse of the jobless." He also visited some of the parks and talked with the men he found there.
Excerpts from:
"Police Clubs Break Mobs of Idle; Bar Food and Meetings"
New York Times - 09/20/21
-Wild Scenes at Night Follow Earlier Disorder When Mounted Men Charge Crowds
-Motorcycles Cut Throngs
-Bryant Hall, Hired by Ledoux, Closed to Him on Orders From the Police
-'Slave Auction" Abandoned
-Great Crowds Gather at Public Library - Jobless Men March in Broadway
Scenes of wild disorder ensued last night upon the refusal of the police to allow Urbain Ledoux,
"Mr. Zero", to auction off jobless men in Bryant Park. Thousands of persons had gathered to
witness the novel effort to find work for the men, and there were some thousand workers on hand, their indignation already whetted by the action of the police earlier in the day in refusing to allow Ledoux to feed them a wagon load of buns he had bought for them, or to permit him to hold a meeting in their behalf in a hall he had hired for that purpose.
Milling crowds fought with police in front of the public library between 11 o'clock and midnight last night when the police, in heavy force, descended upon the jobless and drove them away. The men without work jeered, booed and enetered into the {?} with a will.
Finally, after thousands, brought from Broadway and the outpouring theatre crowds by the disorder, had witnessed the fight for some time, the workless men, among whom ex-servicemen were well represented, broke through the police lines, defied the bluecoats and started a march for Central Park.
At midnight they had poured through Times Square and had got almost to Columbus Circle. Their avowed destination was Central Park and they defied and brushed aside policemen who sought to stop them. Police authorities in the meantime mobilized hundreds of reserves to cope with the situation.
Once free of the major numbers of policewho had harried them near Bryant Park, the "down-and-outers" as some called themselves, were orderly enough, and even cheerful. They swept north, through Broadway shouting "Hurrah for the army of the unemployed!" "When do we eat?" and similar slogans of their condition. By the time they reached Columbus Circle they once more had attracted a big crowd of curious followers. They turned into fifty-ninth street and hurried east, swarming at last into Central Park and breaking for the first spacious plot they saw.
There they gathered about a couple of volunteer speakers who harangued them, one shouting for a Socialist Mayor and lauding the name of Debs, while the other expressed rather unfavorable opinions of the present Mayor of New York and the police commisioner. The speakers made it quite clear that they thought the city authorities had behaved as "boneheads" and that all the disorder, clubbing and riding down would have been unnecessary if the police had just left them alone, when Patrolman Callahan of the Arsenal Station decided Central Park after Midnight offered neither the time nor the place for a meeting of the unemployed and telephoned for the reserves.
By this time hundreds of well dressed men and women, alighting from touring cars, taxicabs and
trolley cars, were interested onlookers. From these, one of the men who had constituted himself a leader in the absence of Ledoux took a collection to buy the buns they had been denied by police authority earlier. Five dollars or more soon clinked into a shabby hat, just as the reserves, double-timing, appeared in sight.
Without waiting for the onslaught, the jobless men, worn out with the previous scuffles, abandoned their meeting and fled the park. They formed in ragged fashion in Fifty-Ninth Street and started back for Broadway. At Broadway and Fifty-Ninth Street one patrolman, inscensed at the gathering, swung his club on the head of one of the marchers. While other policemen were admitting that the marchers were harmless, rather spiritless men who meant to menace no one, this patrolman was explaining that "the mob spirit was rising." Some of the men "tried to push" him out of the way he added.
That was the only casulty on the return march. All patrolmen of the West Forty-Seventh Street
station who could be reached had been mobilized at Fifty-Third Street and Broadway with
instructions to halt the marchers, but by the time they had gathered there the dwindling column had passed that point. The policemen boarded trolley cars and followed until they were sure there was to be no disorder.
Beyond Forty-Second Street, the remnants of the "parade", which had dwindled to 40 or 50 men, journeyed along without police surveillance. It was after 1 o'clock when all that remained of the "army" got back to Madison Square Park, where it dispersed wearily on such benches as were not already occupied.
The police throughout the day, had exorted themselves to an extraordinary degree to thwart
Ledoux's efforts in behalf of those out of work. They had broken up and chased his crowds and
prevented his meetings, as well as preventing his efforts to feed those he wanted to aid. Efforts were made last night to learn the purpose of the authorities in adopting such tactics but communication with Chief Inspector William J. Lahey and others failed to elicit any explanation. When Chief Inspector Lahey was asked for an explanation, he said: "No, I won't give you any explanation. Good Night."
*The article continues for several more columns, explaining in greater deatil, all of the events that occured throughout the day and well into the evening. Basically what occured was the complete refusal of New York City policemen to allow Ledoux to give aid and food to those in need. His efforts were thwarted on every level. He was not allowed to hold his "Auction", he was not allowed to distribute food which he had purchased with the intent of giving it to the hungry. The police charged and attacked the crowds of jobless men whom had gathered expecting to find food and aid in finding work.
"Liberty is dying in America," Ledoux said. "You have seen today that the right of assembly and
the right to petition have been denied. Freedom in America is slowly dying. What hope is there for it?" Simply that public opinion may, in it's great common sense, rise and protect these violated liberties which are guaranteed by the constitution. If New York stands for such things as I have seen today, what hope is there? My God, what will the end be? If the conditions that exist today continue and the police act as they have acted today, there will be trouble. I do not want trouble. I am trying to avoid it. By getting these men off the street corners as I have done before and permitting them to talk over things as a safety valve, I think I have prevented much trouble. I am not an agitator. I am working for the common good, trying to serve those whom nobody else serves. The fact that I dislike trouble is the reason I will not attempt to hold the auction. I know the temper of the men, I have talked with them. They told me just what they would do, and I know many would be injured. I have seen the police and know their temper. I know there would be a terrific clash and someone would be killed. These men in the parks are not dangerous, they are not the kind that make trouble," said Ledoux. "They are weak, they want food and work."
Mr. Ledoux said that he would attempt to establish a community center at St. Mark's Chapel on
Tenth Street, where he conducted a similar center last winter. He said that he has an understanding with Dr. Norman Guthrie, the rector, and that the church would cooperate with him, despite what has been said by Dr. Nalencz, the vicar. [Ledoux] says he has $500 to begin his work in New York, money given by his friends and asserts that is all he will need. After the center is organized he expects it will be supported by voluntary contributions, the funds to be handled by the church business manager.
"I will do there as I have done in Boston," he said. "There will be a barber shop, a cobbler shop,
sewing machines, clothing for the men, an employment bureau and everything that I have found
is useful in such an emergency. At the second breadline I conducted here 150,000 men were fed
and several thousand found employment through my efforts. I myself need little, and what I need I earn."
Some of the statements made by Urbain Ledoux were backed up, without knowledge on his part
of what Ledoux said, by Denis O'Sullivan of 885 Brook Avenue, the Bronx. Chairman of the Bronx Committee to Aid the Unemployed, in a statement issued yesterday. Mr. O'Sullivan said that more 50 per cent of the crime ordinarily attributed to men made desperate by hunger and lack of shelter could be prevented if State and City officials would provide subsistence and shelter for those who walk the city streets at night.
"Police Commisioner Enright must know, also every other chief of police throughout the state and nation," said Mr. O'Sullivan, "that crimes of every character can be prevented in some measure during the next six months if they also use their influence to provide shelter and food for the homeless. It only follows that without food and without a place to rest, the man who would otherwise stand up as a decent citizen, if conditions are sufficiently aggravated, becomes a potential criminal. Why not limit such potential menaces by providing [unreadable]?"
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
He opened quarters on and near the Bowery to feed and shelter the homeless.
Excerpts from:
"Mr. Zero Enlarges Tub For The Idle"
New York Times - 01/19/25
...Ledoux's new experiment in behalf of the jobless man will open today at 26,29, and 33 St. Mark's Place. The basement restaurant called "The Tub" has been renovated and two adjuncts added.
Ledoux, better known as Mr. Zero, announced the plans last night, but refused to talk about his
reported romance. He simply smiled and moved off in the sartorial splendor which the butler,
Henri Jeaulin, World War veteran of the 132nd French Infantry, had imparted.
A telephone, Dry Dock 2010, has been installed and, "by calling that number," said Ledoux,
"you can get a man to fit any job from chemist to steeplejack." He added: "The Tub is one of the
cleanest little restaurants in New York, where you can get meals for 5 cents - all you can eat.
There is a barber shop where expert tonsorial work is dispenced for [almost nothing], and a tailor who cleans, presses and repairs a suit for 10 cents. There are expert electricians, carpenters, stationary engineers, pipefitters, plumbers, and other artisans temporarly out of work. A bookeepr, a former C.P.A., accounts for every cent taken in."
"Mr Zero Opens for Winter"
New York Times - 12/06/26
-Feeds Band of Unfortunates at "The Tub" as First Snow Arrives
-Motorcycles Cut Throngs
-Bryant Hall, Hired by Ledoux, Closed to Him on Orders From the Police
-'Slave Auction" Abandoned
-Great Crowds Gather at Public Library - Jobless Men March in Broadway
Scenes of wild disorder ensued last night upon the refusal of the police to allow Urbain Ledoux,
"Mr. Zero", to auction off jobless men in Bryant Park. Thousands of persons had gathered to
witness the novel effort to find work for the men, and there were some thousand workers on hand, their indignation already whetted by the action of the police earlier in the day in refusing to allow Ledoux to feed them a wagon load of buns he had bought for them, or to permit him to hold a meeting in their behalf in a hall he had hired for that purpose.
Milling crowds fought with police in front of the public library between 11 o'clock and midnight last night when the police, in heavy force, descended upon the jobless and drove them away. The men without work jeered, booed and enetered into the {?} with a will.
Finally, after thousands, brought from Broadway and the outpouring theatre crowds by the disorder, had witnessed the fight for some time, the workless men, among whom ex-servicemen were well represented, broke through the police lines, defied the bluecoats and started a march for Central Park.
At midnight they had poured through Times Square and had got almost to Columbus Circle. Their avowed destination was Central Park and they defied and brushed aside policemen who sought to stop them. Police authorities in the meantime mobilized hundreds of reserves to cope with the situation.
Once free of the major numbers of policewho had harried them near Bryant Park, the "down-and-outers" as some called themselves, were orderly enough, and even cheerful. They swept north, through Broadway shouting "Hurrah for the army of the unemployed!" "When do we eat?" and similar slogans of their condition. By the time they reached Columbus Circle they once more had attracted a big crowd of curious followers. They turned into fifty-ninth street and hurried east, swarming at last into Central Park and breaking for the first spacious plot they saw.
There they gathered about a couple of volunteer speakers who harangued them, one shouting for a Socialist Mayor and lauding the name of Debs, while the other expressed rather unfavorable opinions of the present Mayor of New York and the police commisioner. The speakers made it quite clear that they thought the city authorities had behaved as "boneheads" and that all the disorder, clubbing and riding down would have been unnecessary if the police had just left them alone, when Patrolman Callahan of the Arsenal Station decided Central Park after Midnight offered neither the time nor the place for a meeting of the unemployed and telephoned for the reserves.
By this time hundreds of well dressed men and women, alighting from touring cars, taxicabs and
trolley cars, were interested onlookers. From these, one of the men who had constituted himself a leader in the absence of Ledoux took a collection to buy the buns they had been denied by police authority earlier. Five dollars or more soon clinked into a shabby hat, just as the reserves, double-timing, appeared in sight.
Without waiting for the onslaught, the jobless men, worn out with the previous scuffles, abandoned their meeting and fled the park. They formed in ragged fashion in Fifty-Ninth Street and started back for Broadway. At Broadway and Fifty-Ninth Street one patrolman, inscensed at the gathering, swung his club on the head of one of the marchers. While other policemen were admitting that the marchers were harmless, rather spiritless men who meant to menace no one, this patrolman was explaining that "the mob spirit was rising." Some of the men "tried to push" him out of the way he added.
That was the only casulty on the return march. All patrolmen of the West Forty-Seventh Street
station who could be reached had been mobilized at Fifty-Third Street and Broadway with
instructions to halt the marchers, but by the time they had gathered there the dwindling column had passed that point. The policemen boarded trolley cars and followed until they were sure there was to be no disorder.
Beyond Forty-Second Street, the remnants of the "parade", which had dwindled to 40 or 50 men, journeyed along without police surveillance. It was after 1 o'clock when all that remained of the "army" got back to Madison Square Park, where it dispersed wearily on such benches as were not already occupied.
The police throughout the day, had exorted themselves to an extraordinary degree to thwart
Ledoux's efforts in behalf of those out of work. They had broken up and chased his crowds and
prevented his meetings, as well as preventing his efforts to feed those he wanted to aid. Efforts were made last night to learn the purpose of the authorities in adopting such tactics but communication with Chief Inspector William J. Lahey and others failed to elicit any explanation. When Chief Inspector Lahey was asked for an explanation, he said: "No, I won't give you any explanation. Good Night."
*The article continues for several more columns, explaining in greater deatil, all of the events that occured throughout the day and well into the evening. Basically what occured was the complete refusal of New York City policemen to allow Ledoux to give aid and food to those in need. His efforts were thwarted on every level. He was not allowed to hold his "Auction", he was not allowed to distribute food which he had purchased with the intent of giving it to the hungry. The police charged and attacked the crowds of jobless men whom had gathered expecting to find food and aid in finding work.
"Liberty is dying in America," Ledoux said. "You have seen today that the right of assembly and
the right to petition have been denied. Freedom in America is slowly dying. What hope is there for it?" Simply that public opinion may, in it's great common sense, rise and protect these violated liberties which are guaranteed by the constitution. If New York stands for such things as I have seen today, what hope is there? My God, what will the end be? If the conditions that exist today continue and the police act as they have acted today, there will be trouble. I do not want trouble. I am trying to avoid it. By getting these men off the street corners as I have done before and permitting them to talk over things as a safety valve, I think I have prevented much trouble. I am not an agitator. I am working for the common good, trying to serve those whom nobody else serves. The fact that I dislike trouble is the reason I will not attempt to hold the auction. I know the temper of the men, I have talked with them. They told me just what they would do, and I know many would be injured. I have seen the police and know their temper. I know there would be a terrific clash and someone would be killed. These men in the parks are not dangerous, they are not the kind that make trouble," said Ledoux. "They are weak, they want food and work."
Mr. Ledoux said that he would attempt to establish a community center at St. Mark's Chapel on
Tenth Street, where he conducted a similar center last winter. He said that he has an understanding with Dr. Norman Guthrie, the rector, and that the church would cooperate with him, despite what has been said by Dr. Nalencz, the vicar. [Ledoux] says he has $500 to begin his work in New York, money given by his friends and asserts that is all he will need. After the center is organized he expects it will be supported by voluntary contributions, the funds to be handled by the church business manager.
"I will do there as I have done in Boston," he said. "There will be a barber shop, a cobbler shop,
sewing machines, clothing for the men, an employment bureau and everything that I have found
is useful in such an emergency. At the second breadline I conducted here 150,000 men were fed
and several thousand found employment through my efforts. I myself need little, and what I need I earn."
Some of the statements made by Urbain Ledoux were backed up, without knowledge on his part
of what Ledoux said, by Denis O'Sullivan of 885 Brook Avenue, the Bronx. Chairman of the Bronx Committee to Aid the Unemployed, in a statement issued yesterday. Mr. O'Sullivan said that more 50 per cent of the crime ordinarily attributed to men made desperate by hunger and lack of shelter could be prevented if State and City officials would provide subsistence and shelter for those who walk the city streets at night.
"Police Commisioner Enright must know, also every other chief of police throughout the state and nation," said Mr. O'Sullivan, "that crimes of every character can be prevented in some measure during the next six months if they also use their influence to provide shelter and food for the homeless. It only follows that without food and without a place to rest, the man who would otherwise stand up as a decent citizen, if conditions are sufficiently aggravated, becomes a potential criminal. Why not limit such potential menaces by providing [unreadable]?"
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
He opened quarters on and near the Bowery to feed and shelter the homeless.
Excerpts from:
"Mr. Zero Enlarges Tub For The Idle"
New York Times - 01/19/25
...Ledoux's new experiment in behalf of the jobless man will open today at 26,29, and 33 St. Mark's Place. The basement restaurant called "The Tub" has been renovated and two adjuncts added.
Ledoux, better known as Mr. Zero, announced the plans last night, but refused to talk about his
reported romance. He simply smiled and moved off in the sartorial splendor which the butler,
Henri Jeaulin, World War veteran of the 132nd French Infantry, had imparted.
A telephone, Dry Dock 2010, has been installed and, "by calling that number," said Ledoux,
"you can get a man to fit any job from chemist to steeplejack." He added: "The Tub is one of the
cleanest little restaurants in New York, where you can get meals for 5 cents - all you can eat.
There is a barber shop where expert tonsorial work is dispenced for [almost nothing], and a tailor who cleans, presses and repairs a suit for 10 cents. There are expert electricians, carpenters, stationary engineers, pipefitters, plumbers, and other artisans temporarly out of work. A bookeepr, a former C.P.A., accounts for every cent taken in."
"Mr Zero Opens for Winter"
New York Times - 12/06/26
-Feeds Band of Unfortunates at "The Tub" as First Snow Arrives
The first big snow of the season, which forced any belated birds except sparrows to scurry
southward sent a band of unfortunates to 33 St. Mark's Place, where "Mr. Zero" opened "The
Tub" for another Winter's succor to men who lack a home and it's necessities as well as comfort.
No formal announcement had been made. Because Mr. Zero provides elemental necessities, his
course is ordered by the elements, and the snowflakes themselves, when they presisted and
gained in depth, were an infallible and sufficient advertisement. At 10 o'clock, an hour before the
cellar door which leads to the Tub opened, a long queue of shabby men extended down the block.
At 11 o'clock, the door was opened and the serving of soup, pork and beans, rye bread and coffee
began. Close to 500 were served within two hours. Over-coats were given to fifty-five of the patrons who seemed to need them most, - the oldest, and those basically disabled. Meal tickets to the Tub were given out to be distributed by the patrons to others in similar straits, and Mr. Zero announced that, if the cold weather continued, he would distribute lodging house tickets.
Click HERE to watch "The Street of Forgotten Men", a 1927* short film by Herbert Brenon
Near the end of this excerpt from the film, you will see several homeless Bowery Men enjoying
the hospitality of Mr. Zero at one of his many charity-relief soup-kitchens located in New York City's Lower East Side.
southward sent a band of unfortunates to 33 St. Mark's Place, where "Mr. Zero" opened "The
Tub" for another Winter's succor to men who lack a home and it's necessities as well as comfort.
No formal announcement had been made. Because Mr. Zero provides elemental necessities, his
course is ordered by the elements, and the snowflakes themselves, when they presisted and
gained in depth, were an infallible and sufficient advertisement. At 10 o'clock, an hour before the
cellar door which leads to the Tub opened, a long queue of shabby men extended down the block.
At 11 o'clock, the door was opened and the serving of soup, pork and beans, rye bread and coffee
began. Close to 500 were served within two hours. Over-coats were given to fifty-five of the patrons who seemed to need them most, - the oldest, and those basically disabled. Meal tickets to the Tub were given out to be distributed by the patrons to others in similar straits, and Mr. Zero announced that, if the cold weather continued, he would distribute lodging house tickets.
Click HERE to watch "The Street of Forgotten Men", a 1927* short film by Herbert Brenon
Near the end of this excerpt from the film, you will see several homeless Bowery Men enjoying
the hospitality of Mr. Zero at one of his many charity-relief soup-kitchens located in New York City's Lower East Side.
*When you click the link you will see the video on Youtube. It will state "1930's" as the film date. I get my date, 1927, from p. 316 of "Low Life" by Luc Sante - a trusted source if ever there was one.
Excerpts from:
"Cold Kills 4 Here; Refuges Are Filled"
New York Times - 01/03/28
-Mercury at 11, the Lowest This Winter - Lodging Houses Have to Turn Some Away
-Two Dead in Doorways
-'Mayor of Eighth Avenue' Frozen on a Rooftop - Entire Nation in Grip of Cold and Snow
The cold wave that has taken a toll of more than forty lives throughout the country, sent the
mercury below zero in many places and caused three railroad wrecks continued to cause
suffering in New York City yesterday. The lowest temperature of the winter, 11 degrees at 5am
was recorded here and four deaths from exposure were reported. Lodging houses were turning
away unfortunates last night after they had been filled to capacity.
Unfortunate men and women seeking refuge from the cold began early in the evening to apply for shelter at the Municipal Lodging House, 432 East Twenty-Fifth Street; Hadley Rescue Hall, 293 Bowery; the Bowery Mission, 227 Bowery, and other places which befriend the homeless.
When the municipal lodging house closed it's doors at midnight last night the 896 beds which
constitute the sleeping capacity of the house were filled, and an additional fifty men were sleeping on benches in the dining room. Eighteen of the guests were women.
By 7 o'clock both the Bowery Mission and Hadley Rescue Hall were full. At the Bowery Mission,
300 homeless men had found a place to sleep and 250 were quartered at Hadley Rescue Hall.
At those public shelters for the homeless hot soup or coffee and sandwiches were given to those
who applied for aid. The Bowery Mission and Hadley Rescue Hall were compelled to turn applicants away in the early evening after both places had been filled.
About 200 men, ranging in age from 20 to 75 years, were befriended by Urbain Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", at his headquarters, 12 St. Mark's Place. He distributed overcoats, sweaters, socks and shoes and other clothing to those most in need and gave an entertainment that included songs, dances, and recitations. Then the men were taken to "The Tub", 33 St. Mark's Place, to get soup and coffee.
Excerpt from:
"Cold Wave Ends; Two Deaths in Day"
New York Times - 01/23/28
Urbain J. Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", urged yesterday that the Municipal Lodging House modify it's
rule that permits unfortunates of New York to spend only five nights and unfortunates from
out-of-town one night in the place. He said there were 250,000 unemployed in the metropolitan
district.
Excerpt from:
"12,000 In Snow Gangs Clear City Streets"
New York Times - 01/30/28
A tenfold increase in the number of unemployed fed and housed was reported by [Urbain] Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", who conducts the Tub at 12 St. Maerk's Place off the Bowery. The five fllors of the Tub were filled to capacity by more than 500 men. The men got membership cards in the "Old Bucks and Lame Ducks," Mr. Zero's own fraternity, and dined on "Mulligan," bread and coffee. Coats and rubbers were distributed to as many as possible. They were awakened yesterday in two shifts at 4 o'clock and 4:45, and all got to work shoveling snow.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero handing out free food at The Tub, NYC (03/08/28)
"10,000 Fed by Mr. Zero"
New York Times - 12/26/28
-Jobless Flock to "Nickel Dinner" in Annual Christmas Event
mercury below zero in many places and caused three railroad wrecks continued to cause
suffering in New York City yesterday. The lowest temperature of the winter, 11 degrees at 5am
was recorded here and four deaths from exposure were reported. Lodging houses were turning
away unfortunates last night after they had been filled to capacity.
Unfortunate men and women seeking refuge from the cold began early in the evening to apply for shelter at the Municipal Lodging House, 432 East Twenty-Fifth Street; Hadley Rescue Hall, 293 Bowery; the Bowery Mission, 227 Bowery, and other places which befriend the homeless.
When the municipal lodging house closed it's doors at midnight last night the 896 beds which
constitute the sleeping capacity of the house were filled, and an additional fifty men were sleeping on benches in the dining room. Eighteen of the guests were women.
By 7 o'clock both the Bowery Mission and Hadley Rescue Hall were full. At the Bowery Mission,
300 homeless men had found a place to sleep and 250 were quartered at Hadley Rescue Hall.
At those public shelters for the homeless hot soup or coffee and sandwiches were given to those
who applied for aid. The Bowery Mission and Hadley Rescue Hall were compelled to turn applicants away in the early evening after both places had been filled.
About 200 men, ranging in age from 20 to 75 years, were befriended by Urbain Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", at his headquarters, 12 St. Mark's Place. He distributed overcoats, sweaters, socks and shoes and other clothing to those most in need and gave an entertainment that included songs, dances, and recitations. Then the men were taken to "The Tub", 33 St. Mark's Place, to get soup and coffee.
Excerpt from:
"Cold Wave Ends; Two Deaths in Day"
New York Times - 01/23/28
Urbain J. Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", urged yesterday that the Municipal Lodging House modify it's
rule that permits unfortunates of New York to spend only five nights and unfortunates from
out-of-town one night in the place. He said there were 250,000 unemployed in the metropolitan
district.
Excerpt from:
"12,000 In Snow Gangs Clear City Streets"
New York Times - 01/30/28
A tenfold increase in the number of unemployed fed and housed was reported by [Urbain] Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", who conducts the Tub at 12 St. Maerk's Place off the Bowery. The five fllors of the Tub were filled to capacity by more than 500 men. The men got membership cards in the "Old Bucks and Lame Ducks," Mr. Zero's own fraternity, and dined on "Mulligan," bread and coffee. Coats and rubbers were distributed to as many as possible. They were awakened yesterday in two shifts at 4 o'clock and 4:45, and all got to work shoveling snow.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero handing out free food at The Tub, NYC (03/08/28)
"10,000 Fed by Mr. Zero"
New York Times - 12/26/28
-Jobless Flock to "Nickel Dinner" in Annual Christmas Event
Urbain Ledoux, "Mr. Zero", friend of the joblwess and drifting population of this city, was again a Christmas host yesterday at his "Nickle-O-Dine" Tub, 12 St. Mark's Place. The distribution of
"Turkey-Mulligan", bread, cakes and coffee started at 10:00am and continued until after 6:00pm. During the day thousands of socks, overcoats and other articles of clothing were given by Mr. Ledoux to approximately 10,000 men.
This year Mr. Ledoux was assistedby his two sisters, miss Josephine and Miss Aurise Ledoux,
and by his son, Norman. Another co-worker was "some one from Columbia University" who
volunteered his services and spent the day dispensing free cake and cruellers to the homeless
men as they passed in line and paid 5 cents each for a large bowl of turkey stew, bread and coffee.
At the enterance to Mr. Zero's Tub stood a large [Christmas] tree, behind an improvised railroad trestle, symbolic of the surroundings of a hobo's camp. Under Mr. Zero's trestle yesterday the
ragged and drifting passer-by found waerm clothing, socks, gloves, jackets, underwear and
overcoats. Mr. Zero appeared in Santa Claus paraphenalia and distributed the new clothing,
philosophizing with such words as "If you smile long enough you'll get the job," "Santa Claus is
born when good prevails," "There is another exchange in New York today - the stocking exchange."
For his Christmas treat, Mr. Ledoux used 2,000 pounds of turkey, 2,000 cakes, 3,000 pounds of bread and enough coffee for 10,000 cupfulls. In accordance with his permit from the Health
Department, 135 men slept in the Tub's beds after the feast was over.
"Thanksgiving Feast Stewing At the Tub"
New York Times - 11/27/29
-"Mr Zero" Begins to Concoct Vast Repast for Bowery Guests - Has Clothing For Them Too
"Turkey-Mulligan", bread, cakes and coffee started at 10:00am and continued until after 6:00pm. During the day thousands of socks, overcoats and other articles of clothing were given by Mr. Ledoux to approximately 10,000 men.
This year Mr. Ledoux was assistedby his two sisters, miss Josephine and Miss Aurise Ledoux,
and by his son, Norman. Another co-worker was "some one from Columbia University" who
volunteered his services and spent the day dispensing free cake and cruellers to the homeless
men as they passed in line and paid 5 cents each for a large bowl of turkey stew, bread and coffee.
At the enterance to Mr. Zero's Tub stood a large [Christmas] tree, behind an improvised railroad trestle, symbolic of the surroundings of a hobo's camp. Under Mr. Zero's trestle yesterday the
ragged and drifting passer-by found waerm clothing, socks, gloves, jackets, underwear and
overcoats. Mr. Zero appeared in Santa Claus paraphenalia and distributed the new clothing,
philosophizing with such words as "If you smile long enough you'll get the job," "Santa Claus is
born when good prevails," "There is another exchange in New York today - the stocking exchange."
For his Christmas treat, Mr. Ledoux used 2,000 pounds of turkey, 2,000 cakes, 3,000 pounds of bread and enough coffee for 10,000 cupfulls. In accordance with his permit from the Health
Department, 135 men slept in the Tub's beds after the feast was over.
"Thanksgiving Feast Stewing At the Tub"
New York Times - 11/27/29
-"Mr Zero" Begins to Concoct Vast Repast for Bowery Guests - Has Clothing For Them Too
The special Mulligan Stew, with 1,000 turkeys to give it body, which will be served at The Tub,
12 St. Mark's Place, on Thanksgiving Day, is being concocted, according to [Urbain] Ledoux, the
owner, who is known as "Mr. Zero."
The Mulligan, together with 1,000 pies and bread and coffee and other food, will be served to the Bowery's wayfarers at the nominal price of 5 cents, cripples and others being exempted from any charge, Mr. Zero said, and he added that there would be a surprise feature for the day.
That will be the distribution of scores of overcoats and hundreds of leather jerkins, woolen shirts
and other warm clothing, as he said a survey of the Bowery had revealed an unusual number in need of these articles.
An eater's capacity will be the only limit to the food served to each guest on the holiday, Mr. Zero said, but, taking a lesson from past experience with hungry men suddenly confronted with ample food, he has provided for medical assistance for those who overeat.
The main dinner hour will be from noon to 1:00pm, but food will be available to all comers from
10:00am to 6:00pm. The Mulligan will be dispensed [at] The Tub proper, sweets in the Cafeteria, and two other halls will be used for holiday festivities.
This program will include prizes for songs, dances, recitations, jokes, the longest noses, feet, ears
and legs, and the handsomest man and the homliest man. The entire celebration being the largest Mr. Zero has ever planned.
Excerpt from:
"All In A Week"
New York Times - 11/23/30
For $50 cash [Urbain] Ledoux, otherwise "Mr. Zero", will provide an audience and a hall for any
poet, philosopher or religious lecturer who yearns for a hearing. An attentive and well-behaved
audience, too, as any one knows who has broken bread with the weary and needy in "The Tub"
in St. Mark's Place. No longer need genius (with $50) go unheeded in this heartless metropolis.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero handing out Xmas meals to over 3,ooo in NYC (1930's)
"Mr Zero's Job Ad Based Only on Hope"
New York Times - 07/01/31
Says Offer to "White Collar" Men in Harvest Fields Was Result of His Own Survey
[Urbain] Ledoux (Mr. Zero), champion of the down-and-outers, was released in $5 bail yesterday in Essex Market Court after James M. Fitzsimmons, Assistant District Attorney, had obtained from him the admission that "all I had was hope" when he inserted an advertisement in a morning paper offering work for chauffers in the wheat belt at $4 and $5 a day. Magistrate Harris held Mr. Ledoux for trial in Special Sessions. Mr. Ledoux, beaming upon the court through horn-rimmed glasses, took the stand on his own behalf. Roy Harder, 43 years old of 353 Stockholm Street, Brooklyn, an un-employed chauffer, appeared as complainant. Ledoux said he had worked for several months in the "Whet-Belt," and had learned that 100,000 men were needed there yearly. So he placed an advertisement in a paper on June 18, offering transportation and $4 to $5 a day at harvesting to unemployed chauffers. He said the advertisement was not misleading. On receipt of a telegram from a government office in Kansas City that it could not accept his offer, Ledoux said, he spent $11 in stamps to mail letters to applicants offering help in the form of clothing instead of jobs. The letters said: "While there's life, there's hope." When Ledoux refused to answer a direct question by the prosecutor as to whether he had anything else to offer, the court ordered that his refusal be recorded.
Excerpt from:
"The Microphone Will Present"
New York Times - 11/29/31
12 St. Mark's Place, on Thanksgiving Day, is being concocted, according to [Urbain] Ledoux, the
owner, who is known as "Mr. Zero."
The Mulligan, together with 1,000 pies and bread and coffee and other food, will be served to the Bowery's wayfarers at the nominal price of 5 cents, cripples and others being exempted from any charge, Mr. Zero said, and he added that there would be a surprise feature for the day.
That will be the distribution of scores of overcoats and hundreds of leather jerkins, woolen shirts
and other warm clothing, as he said a survey of the Bowery had revealed an unusual number in need of these articles.
An eater's capacity will be the only limit to the food served to each guest on the holiday, Mr. Zero said, but, taking a lesson from past experience with hungry men suddenly confronted with ample food, he has provided for medical assistance for those who overeat.
The main dinner hour will be from noon to 1:00pm, but food will be available to all comers from
10:00am to 6:00pm. The Mulligan will be dispensed [at] The Tub proper, sweets in the Cafeteria, and two other halls will be used for holiday festivities.
This program will include prizes for songs, dances, recitations, jokes, the longest noses, feet, ears
and legs, and the handsomest man and the homliest man. The entire celebration being the largest Mr. Zero has ever planned.
Excerpt from:
"All In A Week"
New York Times - 11/23/30
For $50 cash [Urbain] Ledoux, otherwise "Mr. Zero", will provide an audience and a hall for any
poet, philosopher or religious lecturer who yearns for a hearing. An attentive and well-behaved
audience, too, as any one knows who has broken bread with the weary and needy in "The Tub"
in St. Mark's Place. No longer need genius (with $50) go unheeded in this heartless metropolis.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero handing out Xmas meals to over 3,ooo in NYC (1930's)
"Mr Zero's Job Ad Based Only on Hope"
New York Times - 07/01/31
Says Offer to "White Collar" Men in Harvest Fields Was Result of His Own Survey
[Urbain] Ledoux (Mr. Zero), champion of the down-and-outers, was released in $5 bail yesterday in Essex Market Court after James M. Fitzsimmons, Assistant District Attorney, had obtained from him the admission that "all I had was hope" when he inserted an advertisement in a morning paper offering work for chauffers in the wheat belt at $4 and $5 a day. Magistrate Harris held Mr. Ledoux for trial in Special Sessions. Mr. Ledoux, beaming upon the court through horn-rimmed glasses, took the stand on his own behalf. Roy Harder, 43 years old of 353 Stockholm Street, Brooklyn, an un-employed chauffer, appeared as complainant. Ledoux said he had worked for several months in the "Whet-Belt," and had learned that 100,000 men were needed there yearly. So he placed an advertisement in a paper on June 18, offering transportation and $4 to $5 a day at harvesting to unemployed chauffers. He said the advertisement was not misleading. On receipt of a telegram from a government office in Kansas City that it could not accept his offer, Ledoux said, he spent $11 in stamps to mail letters to applicants offering help in the form of clothing instead of jobs. The letters said: "While there's life, there's hope." When Ledoux refused to answer a direct question by the prosecutor as to whether he had anything else to offer, the court ordered that his refusal be recorded.
Excerpt from:
"The Microphone Will Present"
New York Times - 11/29/31
A solution to the present world-wide economic situation will be offered by Mr. Zero (Urban Ledoux) when he begins a series of weekly talks over WMCA's wave at 6:30 o'clock tonight. As the slf-styled "Articulate Cry of Misery", Ledoux has traveled the world over in attempt to interest the public in the lot of the hobo and the unemployed. He will be introduced to the radio audience by Donald Flamm, president of the station.
...and these stories could go on and on and on and on. Ledoux was a selfless one-man charity-relief organization for the majority of his adult life. He no dout saved countless thousands from starvation and nearly certain death from exposure on the streets during the freezing cold winters of Depression-era New York City. He was a true American Hero.
...and these stories could go on and on and on and on. Ledoux was a selfless one-man charity-relief organization for the majority of his adult life. He no dout saved countless thousands from starvation and nearly certain death from exposure on the streets during the freezing cold winters of Depression-era New York City. He was a true American Hero.
You can read just a bit more about Mr. Zero by clicking HERE to read an excerpt (p. 216 - 220) of the book "Twenty One Americans" by Niven Busch (1970).
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
He took to freight rods and studied the migratory worker all over the United States. He slept in the parks sometimes, like the men he served. Illness seized him but he ignored it. He lived to see good fruit from his labors. One young bum, whom he picked up in the Bowery, is a portrait painter today with a penthouse on Park Avenue; another is a well-known attorney in Manhattan.
The advent of the New Deal ended Urbain Ledoux's labors. Men who had swarmed to his "Tubs" for hot coffee and unbuttered bread found that they could do better on government relief, a plan he had always urged. Mr. Zero became Urbain Ledoux again.
In 1930 he had married Miss Mary W. Hall, who had played Shakespearean roles with Walter
Hampden. Five years later he took he to South America where he wrote and directed two motion pictures - Spanish Talkies - built around his dream of universal peace and brotherhood.
Excerpts from:
"Bowery's Mr. Zero is Dead Here at 66"
New York Times - 04/10/41
He took to freight rods and studied the migratory worker all over the United States. He slept in the parks sometimes, like the men he served. Illness seized him but he ignored it. He lived to see good fruit from his labors. One young bum, whom he picked up in the Bowery, is a portrait painter today with a penthouse on Park Avenue; another is a well-known attorney in Manhattan.
The advent of the New Deal ended Urbain Ledoux's labors. Men who had swarmed to his "Tubs" for hot coffee and unbuttered bread found that they could do better on government relief, a plan he had always urged. Mr. Zero became Urbain Ledoux again.
In 1930 he had married Miss Mary W. Hall, who had played Shakespearean roles with Walter
Hampden. Five years later he took he to South America where he wrote and directed two motion pictures - Spanish Talkies - built around his dream of universal peace and brotherhood.
Urbain J. Ledoux, brawny grey-eyed mystic and idealist who was the Bowery's Mr. Zero for the
last twenty years, died late Tuesday night in French Hospital. He had spent the best years of his life serving the city's ragtag and bobtail, ignoring the ailment that slowly sapped his great strength.
The body will lie in state in the Andrews Funeral Parlor at 143 East Twenty-ninth Street through Sunday afternoon. Burial will be in Biddeford.
Click HERE to see a photo of Mr. Zero leading a group of men wearing barrels down the Bowery (12/20/34)
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